Treadmill

ABSTRACT

A computerized treadmill is provided. The treadmill may include a walking layer, a middle layer fully suspending the walking layer via a plurality of air suspension elements, and a foundation layer. The air suspension elements, such as bellows, may be pressurized by a computer-controlled compressor feeding a central air reservoir to which each bellows is connected via air hose. The air suspension elements may be dampened to control expansion. One or more alignment elements, such as double hinge structures, may be used to control lateral movement and reduce lateral load on the bellows.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. applicationSer. No. 14/720,740, filed on May 23, 2015, the contents of which arehereby incorporated by reference in their entirety; which claims thebenefit of U.S. provisional patent application 62/178,203, filed on Apr.2, 2015, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference intheir entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates in general to the exercise equipmentfield, and in particular, to treadmills having improvements in one ormore areas such as deck support, deck positioning, console positioningand electronic controls.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Modern society has created a lifestyle for many members of society thatcan be characterized as sedentary, with many hours of minimal or nophysical activity, typically sitting at a desk or computer.Simultaneously, the diet of many people has deteriorated, with ensuingobesity, diabetes, heart disease and many other modern diseases. Thislifestyle has also led to high growth in the cost of health care forsociety.

Many of the above issues can be addressed through exercise. Thetreadmill is one of the most popular exercise machines available, andcould play a major role in addressing issues of health and fitness. Thetreadmill typically provides a continuous rotating surface on whichindividuals can run or walk in place. In some cases, the surface isformed from an elastic belt driven by rollers and supported by anunderlying rigid deck. In other cases, the surface may be formed from aseries of rigid slats running perpendicular to the direction ofrotation. In both scenarios, a drive motor propels the surface,typically at a variable speed. Often times, an incline motor is able toadjust the angle of the rotating treadmill running or walking surface tosimulate uphill and/or downhill movement.

However the treadmill, which has been around for many decades, still hasmany unresolved shortcomings that discourage a wider use. Two majorshortcomings of treadmills are:

a) Impact: potential damage to joints because of repetitive impact,which eventually causes fatigue failure to joints or bones. Fatigue is awell-known effect in engineering and well described by the Woehlercurve, which causes failure of mechanical components due to stressesthat can be well tolerated if they happen occasionally but will lead tofailure if applied repetitively; an analogy would be bending a wire acouple of times, which probably will not cause damage to the wire, butif that is repeated back and forth many times, it is likely that thewire will break. The legs can be subjected to hundreds of thousands ofrepetitive impacts on a conventional treadmill, so fatigue is a veryreal issue in these machines; and

b) boredom during usage of the treadmill, which leads to users giving upand not coming back to the treadmill, which often becomes a dustcollector in a household.

Embodiments of the present invention may address those and/or otherissues. Some embodiments provide a technological solution that reducesrepetitive impact injury to users and at the same time keeps usersmotivated to continue the regular usage of the treadmill. Embodimentsalso integrate the diet and other types of exercise into the treadmillusage program to create a comprehensive lifestyle management system thatrevolves around the treadmill.

There have been many unsuccessful attempts to resolve the above issues,which continue to plague even the latest, most advanced treadmills. Oneearly attempt is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,974,831, which discloses atreadmill with a complex system of dampeners and lever arms locatedunder the deck of the treadmill, intended to reduce the intensity of theimpacts on the user. The proposed structure has issues of excessivecomplexity and high cost, as well as non-adjustability, meaning that allusers are treated equally, despite differences in size, weight, age,gender, health condition, prior injuries, and the like.

Another attempt in the prior art is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,984,810,which discloses a treadmill pivoted at its rear end and resting on aspring/shock absorber combination located at the forward end of thetreadmill. This arrangement provides very limited and partial dampeningat best, because the rear of the treadmill is sitting undampened on arigid steel bar. In addition, this system is also non-adjustable andnon-controllable.

A further attempt is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,827,155, which discloses adampening system based on a longitudinally extending leaf spring(similar to some truck suspensions). This system tries to provide someadjustability through possible longitudinal movement of an adjustmentmetal bar along the treadmill. However, the complexity, cost and weightof such a system make it impractical. In addition, a user would have tostop the treadmill and climb underneath to do any adjustments, andrepeat this trial and error procedure until the right point is reached,which is not something most users would be willing to do.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,279,528 shows a treadmill equipped with air-filledrubber bladders which are laid between the side rails of the treadmilland its deck. Therefore the rubber surface of the bladders is in directcontact, “sandwiched” between the metal rail on one side and the woodendeck on the other side. This arrangement is susceptible to wear, noise,potential cuts and punctures, air leaks, high cost and short useful lifeof the bladders. It is believed to be an impractical approach that hasnever reached wide scale commercial implementation, likely for thereasons just mentioned. That same patent mentions as an alternative theuse of foam or rubber strips instead of the air bladders. That is a morepractical approach that has been used for many years, but of course itlacks adjustability.

U.S. Pat. No. 8,435,160 (“the '160 Patent”) discloses a treadmill basedon two main features: a) a set of wheels at the rear end of thetreadmill, with said wheels sitting directly on the floor and providinga pivoting axis around which the whole upper structure of the treadmillcan be rotated and raised, and b) a set of air springs at the front endof the treadmill intended to cushion the upper structure of thetreadmill. This proposed structure has several disadvantages andshortcomings. A major disadvantage is that it dampens only the front ofthe treadmill, while the rear wheels sit undampened directly on thefloor (which is rigid and generates impact reaction forces that maycontinue to hit the user). It is the equivalent of a car with dampenersonly in the front; nobody would be happy inside such a car, not only therear passengers who would get the full impact of any bumps but also thefront passengers, because they would get a substantial portion of thoseimpacts as well (the metal structure propagates the impacts toeverybody). A second major issue with that proposed configuration isthat the full weight of the treadmill upper structure (including itsheavy metal frame structure, deck, stepping board, belt and othercomponents plus user weight) has to be carried by the air springs. Thatmakes it necessary to use relatively stiff air springs with highinternal air pressure, and the ability to dampen the user is severelylimited (the air springs have to be designed to carry the machine weightplus the person, not just the person). The result is a relatively stiffride with significant user impact.

A further problem in the '160 Patent is the unnatural pivoting motion ofthe user when potentially using such a machine. Instead of experiencingthe normal, primarily vertical “ups and downs” of a walk, the user wouldbe subject to a repetitive circular motion around the contact point ofthe rear wheel on the floor, which may feel unnatural and potentiallyuncomfortable or dizzying.

Another issue in '160 Patent is the absence of a complete dampeningsystem. In some ways, the air springs are analogous to rubber balls atrelatively high pressure, potentially behaving in a “springy” and“bouncy” manner. The undampened air springs can lead to an uncomfortableride on the treadmill.

U.S. Pat. No. 8,308,592 describes another approach to reduce impact,based on a foamed cushion layer. Similar foam or polymer layerapproaches have been used for many years, but they provide limitedcushioning and very limited or no adjustability to different users.

U.S. Pat. No. 8,968,163 addresses the issue of impact and weight byproviding a set of supports including a saddle to enable a user toexercise with minimal weight or impact on the body. This is intendedprimarily for therapy purposes.

Another major problem with treadmills is their boring nature which makesmany users abandon their exercise program. There have been attempts toaddress that by connecting video players, TV monitors or computers tothe treadmill, in order to be able to provide entertainment and games.U.S. Pat. No. 5,478,295 describes an interface to a computer thatconstantly displays a speed target to keep the user motivated. U.S. Pat.No. 5,149,084 describes a motivational display. U.S. Pat. No. 6,413,191combines the treadmill with a game of chance to maintain motivation andinterest. U.S. Pat. No. 5,667,459 describes a game to help keep thetreadmill user interested. U.S. Pat. No. 5,645,513 describes an exerciseapparatus that can interact with an external video game console such asa Nintendo machine and/or a TV display. Despite all those ideas andconcepts, the problem of boredom remains largely unsolved and many usersquit the use of the treadmill after a short period of time due toboredom.

Some embodiments of the present invention addresses some or all of thehealth and the boredom issues in treadmills in a novel way that canrevolutionize the use of this type of exercise equipment with hugebenefits for individuals and society.

SUMMARY

The present disclosure describes treadmills having improved systems fordeck suspension, orientation adjustability and electronic control. Inaccordance with one aspect, a treadmill includes a rigid treadmillframe, the frame supporting a front roller and rear roller. A flexiblebelt wraps around the front roller and rear roller. A rigid planartreadmill deck is interposed between the front and rear rollers, beneaththe top portion of the belt. The deck is fully suspended relative to theframe by a plurality of air suspension elements. A double hinge may beprovided to movably connect the deck with the frame. In someembodiments, one or more of the air suspension elements is formed froman upper fitting, which is secured to the deck, and a lower fitting,which is secured to the frame. A membrane encloses a volume of airbetween the upper and lower fittings. In some embodiments, the upper andlower fitting are formed from metal, and the membrane is an elasticmembrane.

In some embodiments, the air suspension elements include a dampeningmechanism. For example, the upper and lower fittings may beinterconnected by a dampening strap to limit movement of the upper andlower fittings away from one another during unloading of the airsuspension element. Such a dampening strap may be, e.g., a fabric strapor an elastic strap. In other embodiments, a dampening mechanism mayinclude a damping piston attached to one of the upper or lower fittings,and a receptacle attached to the other fitting, with the pistonconfigured for movement within the receptacle during loading andunloading of the air suspension element. In some embodiments, thereceptacle may be fluid-filled; the piston may include a first orificeenabling bi-direction fluid flow between a first side of the piston anda second side of the piston, with a check valve enabling unidirectionalfluid flow from the first side of the piston to the second side of thepiston.

A system for maintaining a desired level of pressure within the airsuspension elements may be provided. In some embodiments, the treadmillincludes an air reservoir. The air reservoir may be interconnected withone or more of the air suspension elements by air lines. Anelectronically-controlled compressor may be operable to control airpressure within the reservoir. In some embodiments, an air pressuresensor may be included to provide output indicative of the measured airpressure within one or more locations such as the air reservoir or oneor more air suspension elements. A control input may be provided to theair compressor to control its actuation, thereby contributing to thecontrol of air pressure within the air reservoir. Compressor controlinputs may be determined based on one or more factors. In someembodiments, such factors may include one or more of belt speed, userimpact level, and a user-controlled configuration setting.

In some embodiments, treadmill components such as the belt drive motor,incline motor, and compressor, may be positioned within an area definedby the flexible belt.

In some embodiments, a treadmill may include a walking layer, a middlelayer below the walking layer, and a foundation layer resting on aground surface. The walking layer may be fully suspended relative to themiddle layer by a plurality of air suspension elements, such as bellows.An incline mechanism may articulate the middle layer relative to thefoundation layer to control incline of the treadmill. In otherembodiments, a treadmill may include a walking layer suspended directlyover a foundation layer via air suspension elements.

Deckless treadmills may also be implemented. In some such embodiments, aplurality of adjacent slats extend across a treadmill running surfaceperpendicularly to the direction of travel. The slats are movablymounted on a slat guide. One or more air suspension elementsinterconnect the slat guide with a rigid frame. The slat guide may befully suspended by the air suspension elements, relative to the rigidframe. Various air suspension elements designs may be utilized.

In accordance with another aspect, an incline mechanism may be provided.In some such embodiments, a treadmill may include a rigid frame withleft and right rails. Incline mechanism slots extend longitudinallywithin each of the left and right rails. An incline crossbar extendsbetween the left and right rails, with ends extending through each ofthe incline mechanism slots. Left and right incline support bars eachhave proximal ends rotatably connected with the incline crossbar ends,and distal ends which may include wheels. Linkage bars have proximalends rotatably connected with the rails at a position forward of theincline mechanism slots, and distal ends rotatably connected with theincline support bars. An incline motor can operate to rotate a leadscrew, which is threaded through an incline mechanism control nutsecured to the incline crossbar. Operation of the incline motoralternatively deploys and retracts the incline support bars to increaseand decrease the angle of treadmill incline.

A treadmill decline mechanism may also be provided, to position thetreadmill into declining angles. Decline mechanism slots may be providedwithin the left and right rails, with a decline crossbar extendingbetween the rails through the decline mechanism slots. Decline supportbars have proximal ends rotatably connected with the rails, and a middleportion rotatably connected with decline linkage bars. The declinelinkage bars have opposite ends rotatably connected with the declinecrossbar. A decline mechanism control nut is secured to the declinecrossbar, with the incline motor lead screw threaded through it. In someembodiments, rotation of the lead screw can cause retraction of theincline support bars, followed by deployment of the decline supportbars. In some embodiments, upright poles are connected with thetreadmill frame, and move with it during inclination of the treadmill.An electronic display can be mounted on the upright poles.

In accordance with another aspect, a treadmill includes a continuousrotating surface and a drive motor controlling rotary motion of therotating surface. An external digital interface, such as an electricalconnector or wireless transceiver, is adapted for communication with anexternal computer. A control board received input via the externaldigital interface and provides an output control signal to the drivemotor. The treadmill may include other systems, sensors and controls,such as electromechanical devices like an incline motor, fan and/orcompressor, which receive control signals from the control board, whichis in turn controlled by signals received from the external digitalinterface. In some embodiments, devices such as a mobile phone, tabletor computer may therefore be utilized to control the treadmill.

In accordance with another aspect, methods and systems for digitalnetworking of exercise equipment are provided. In some embodiments, amethod is provided for displaying digital media on a plurality ofexercise machines. Digital media files are downloaded via the Internetonto a central digital storage device managed by an Internet-connectedserver. The server receives a request from one of the exercise machinesfor digital medial files. The requested digital media files aretransferred from the central server to the requesting exercise machine,either via bulk download for storage on a local exercise machine storagedevice, or via streaming over a network.

Various other objects, features, aspects, and advantages of the presentinvention and embodiments will become more apparent from the followingdetailed description of preferred embodiments, along with theaccompanying drawings in which like numerals represent like components.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a prior art treadmill.

FIG. 2 is an elevation of a prior art treadmill belt, rollers and deck.

FIG. 3 is a side elevation of another prior art treadmill embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a side elevation of another prior art treadmill embodiment.

FIG. 4A is an exploded elevation of the incline mechanism of thetreadmill of FIG. 4.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a treadmill, in accordance with oneembodiment.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a treadmill in an inclined position.

FIG. 7 is a lower perspective view of a treadmill in an inclinedposition.

FIG. 8 is a side perspective view of a treadmill in an inclinedposition.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a treadmill in a declined position.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a treadmill with removed side covers.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a treadmill with removed side covers inan inclined position.

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a treadmill with removed side covers inan declined position.

FIG. 13 is a bottom plan view of a treadmill with removed belt.

FIG. 14 is a bottom perspective view of an incline/ decline mechanism.

FIG. 15 is a bottom perspective view of a treadmill deck mountingapparatus.

FIG. 16 is a top perspective view of a treadmill deck suspension.

FIG. 17 is a bottom plan view of a treadmill air suspension system.

FIG. 18 is a perspective view of a treadmill embodiment with componentspositioned below the belt.

FIG. 19 is the treadmill of FIG. 18 in an inclined position.

FIG. 20 is a side elevation cutaway view of the treadmill of FIG. 19.

FIG. 21 is a perspective view of the deck suspension in the treadmill ofFIG. 18.

FIG. 22 is an elevation of an air suspension element, according to anembodiment.

FIG. 23 is section A-A of the air suspension element of FIG. 22.

FIG. 24 is an elevation of another air suspension element embodiment.

FIG. 25 is section A-A of the air suspension element of FIG. 24.

FIG. 26 is a partial top plan view of a deckless treadmill embodiment.

FIG. 27 is an elevation of the embodiment of FIG. 26, with coversremoved and suspension exposed.

FIG. 28 is a schematic block diagram of a computerized treadmill controlsystem.

FIG. 29 is a perspective view of a treadmill with computer dock.

FIG. 30 is a perspective view of a treadmill with tablet computer dock.

FIG. 31 is a perspective view of a treadmill with a smart phone dock.

FIG. 32 is a schematic block diagram of a digital communications networkfor exercise machines.

FIG. 33 is a perspective view of a treadmill embodiment having a walkinglayer, middle layer and foundation layer.

FIG. 34 is a perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 33, withuprights and belt roller covers removed.

FIG. 35 is a perspective view of the treadmill of FIG. 34, with siderails and belt removed.

FIG. 36 is a perspective view of the treadmill of FIG. 35, in aninclined orientation.

FIG. 37 is a perspective view of the treadmill of FIG. 36, with siderails removed.

FIG. 38 is a perspective view of the treadmill of FIG. 37, with deckremoved.

FIG. 39 is a side elevation of the treadmill of FIG. 38.

FIG. 40 is a front perspective view of the treadmill of FIG. 38.

FIG. 41 is a partial cutaway view of a front portion of the treadmill ofFIG. 40.

FIG. 42 is a perspective view of an alignment element.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

While this invention is susceptible to embodiment in many differentforms, there are shown in the drawings and will be described in detailherein several specific embodiments, with the understanding that thepresent disclosure is to be considered as an exemplification of theprinciples of the invention to enable any person skilled in the art tomake and use the invention, and is not intended to limit the inventionto the embodiments illustrated.

FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a typical prior art treadmill. Thebelt 1 is a rubber belt that the user walks on. The belt wraps aroundrear roller 2 and front roller 3. On both sides of the treadmill thereare stepping boards 4 that the user can use to rest on without walking.The stepping boards are mounted on the side rails 8, which are rigidmetal beams that define a strong frame, to which various components aremounted, such as rollers 2 and 3. Upright poles 5 provide to the userthrough the handlebars 6, and also carry the console 9. Base 7 supportsthe upright poles 5.

FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal cross-section of the belt mechanism in theprior art treadmill of FIG. 1, with the front roller 3, the rear roller2, the belt 1 and deck 24. The belt 1 is a relatively thin, flexiblebelt that would not be able to carry a person walking on it withoutadditional support. The user's weight is carried by deck 24, which istypical a large, rigid, flat board located under the belt. Decks arecommonly made of wood or MDF (medium density fiberboard). The surface ofthe board is treated to make it smooth and slippery so that the belt caneasily slide on it. The deck is attached to side rails 8 of thetreadmill.

The opportunity for repetitive stress injury using prior art treadmillscan be perceived via a further look at FIG. 2. The user is ultimatelywalking or running on a heavy, rigid MDF plank 24, which in turns issitting on rigid metal beams. That typically constitutes a very rigid,unforgiving walking or running surface. Some manufacturers insert rubberblocks between the MDF deck and the supporting metal beams, but thatdoes little to reduce the severity of the repetitive impacts and thepotential damage to the user's joints and bones.

FIG. 3 shows another important feature of many prior art treadmills: theability to incline the deck and belt to increase exercise intensity bysimulating uphill walking or running. Incline motor 35 is located underthe upper structure 31 of the treadmill. The upper structure pivotsaround the base 36 of the treadmill. The upper structure includes thebelt, the rollers, the MDF deck, the side rails and other components,described further below in connection with FIG. 4. Incline motor 35 istypically a linear motor with an actuator 34 that extends linearly whenthe motor is turned, lifting the front end of upper structure 31relative to base 36. Console pole 32 carries the console 33. The base 36extends rearward from the rear belt roller, creating a compartment 37slightly behind the treadmill. The purpose of this compartment 37 is tocontain an electric motor that propels the belt (not shown). Sometreadmills have a slightly different configuration, with a motor hangingfrom the bottom of the upper structure 31.

FIG. 4 shows a longitudinal cross-section of the prior art treadmill ofFIG. 3, further clarifying the internal components of the treadmill. Theelectric belt motor 48 is located inside the compartment 37, and propelsthe rear roller 49 via a short transmission belt 42, thereby propellingthe running belt 41 on top of MDF deck 43. The desired incline angle ofthe running surface 41 is determined by the incline motor 45, which istypically a linear motor with a lead screw 50 which engages with themating nut 44. The nut is attached to a pivot point 46. The inclinemotor 45 is rotatably attached to a pivot point 47. The motor 45 causesthe lead screw 50 to rotate. That rotation causes the nut 44 to unwindand move axially away from the motor. Thus the distance between pivotpoints 47 and 46 is increased, causing the rotable part of the treadmillstructure with belt 41 to rotate upwards and increasing the inclineangle to a steeper position.

FIG. 4A is an exploded view of the details of the incline motormechanism for better clarity.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of one embodiment of an improved treadmill.Instead of the traditional large console of prior art treadmills withnumerous buttons and physical controls, the treadmill of FIG. 5 uses atouchscreen display for user interaction. The large number of buttonsand controls that are typical of prior art treadmills is preferablyabsent; instead the computerized treadmill of FIG. 5 relies almostcompletely on the touchscreen to interface with the user. It is believedthat most users of prior art treadmills do not use many of the buttonsand controls, and instead use almost exclusively the speed buttons (upand down), because they don't have the patience or desire to try tounderstand and utilize a wide array of buttons and controls, many ofwhich may be unintuitive. That aggravates the problem of boredom,because most users don't take advantage of exercise programs orentertainment programs, even to the extent they are made available bythe treadmill. Embodiments of a treadmill touchscreen interface canintroduce intuitive user interfaces and dynamic screens that create userengagement and entertainment, taking advantage of the fact that mostusers are already familiar with user interactions common on computer,tablet and smartphone interfaces, which are much easier than learninghow to use proprietary arrangements of physical buttons and controls.

In the embodiment of FIG. 5, smart treadmill 60 includes touchscreendisplay 61. Handlebar 62 can provide support to the user as needed.Upright poles 63 support handlebar 62 and display 61. Belt 64 ispropelled by large, oversized rollers housed under the covers 65.

FIG. 6 illustrates how treadmill 60 can be inclined to increase energyconsumption by the user. A lifting linkage mechanism is provided,preferably including support bar mechanisms on both of the left andright sides of the bottom side of treadmill 60. Left side support bar75A, which has a support bar wheel or roller 77A towards its distal end,at a point of contact with the floor, is deployed downwards by operationof an electric motor mechanism described further below. As a result, thefront of the treadmill is lifted, pivoting about rear wheels 76 and 78,mounted on the underside of the treadmill frame towards the rear oftreadmill 60. Support bar 75A is connected with linkage bar 79A as partof a lifting linkage mechanism which is explained in more detail in thefollowing figures.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing the underside of treadmill 60, tofurther clarify the lifting linkage mechanisms. A distal end of linkagebar 79A is attached to support bar 75A via a hinge mechanism positionedtowards the middle of support bar 75A. The proximal end of linkage bar79A is mounted to the treadmill frame via a fixed hinge, as illustratedfurther, e.g., below and in FIG. 11. The left side incline mechanism issubstantially replicated on the right side of treadmill 60 by supportbar 75B, wheel 77B and linkage bar 79B.

FIG. 8 illustrates treadmill 60 in a high degree of incline, which canbe achieved through the special incline mechanism geometry describedherein. Embodiments of the treadmill of FIG. 8 are believed to be ableto achieve inclines of approximately 60%, which compares favorably withthe maximum incline of 40% that certain prior art treadmills have beenable to achieve. Another advantage of the special geometry of treadmill60 is that when the treadmill is inclined, display 61 and handlebar 62rise with the walking/running surface of belt 74, by virtue of beingmounted on upright poles 63, which in turn are connected with a commonframe with the belt rollers. By raising display 61 in conjunction withbelt 74, a relatively consistent distance can be maintained between theuser and display 61 at varying levels of incline. Such a configurationmay be advantageous to users compared to prior art treadmills having aconsole and handlebar resting at fixed elevation relative to the floor,such that the distance from the user's upper body increasessubstantially when the treadmill is inclined, forcing the user to adoptan uncomfortable posture and hold on to special extended supports thatprotrude from the top of the console.

FIG. 9 illustrates how treadmill 60 can also be declined forward,simulating the user running or walking downhill. Decline support bars101A and 101B are deployed through a channel in the lower side of covers65, towards the rear of treadmill 60, by a linkage mechanism to raisethe elevation of the rear of treadmill 60. A proximal end of eachdecline support bar 101A and 101B is pivotally mounted to an electricmotor (described further below) positioned primarily within the loop ofbelt 74. A distal end of decline support bars 101A and 101B includeswheels 102A and 102B, respectively, oriented to roll against the groundon which treadmill 60 rests while decline support bars 101 rotate toadjust the level of treadmill declination. Rotation downward of supportbars 101 acts to raise the rear of the treadmill, which pivots upwardsabout frontal feet 103. Frontal feet 103 are positioned on the frontleft and right bottom corners of treadmill 60, and rest on the groundwhen treadmill 60 is in a decline position as illustrated in FIG. 9.

FIG. 10 shows treadmill 60 in a level orientation, with covers 65 andunderlying stepping boards removed. Support bar 75A and decline supportbar 101A are mounted adjacent to the external surface of frame side rail111.

FIG. 11 shows treadmill 60, with covers 65 and underlying steppingboards removed, oriented in an inclined position. The proximal ends ofsupport bars 75 are shifted forward within slot 124 via an electricmotor mechanism described below, causing support bars 75 to act againstlinkage bars 79 and the ground (via wheels 77) to raise the front of thetreadmill.

FIG. 12 shows deployment of the decline mechanism, with covers 65 andunderlying stepping boards removed. While for the incline mechanism, theincline motor acts to move the incline support bars that rotate aroundfixedly hinged linkage bars, for the decline mechanism the action of themotor is reversed: the motor acts against the decline linkage bars,which in turn cause rotation of fixedly-hinged decline support bars.Specifically, the proximal ends of decline linkage bars 133 are shiftedrearward along slot 135, formed within side rail 111. The distal ends ofdecline linkage bars 133 are hinged with, and act against, declinesupport bars 101 to force the distal ends of decline support bars 101downwards, thereby lifting the rear of treadmill 60 upwards and creatinga declination of belt 74 and its underlying deck relative to the ground.

FIG. 13 is a bottom plan view of treadmill 60, with belt 74 removed toreveal the underside of the treadmill and its inclination/declinationmechanisms. Surface 143 is the underside of the deck. Rollers 141 and142 are the front and rear rollers for the belt, respectively. Anotherdifference of treadmill 60 compared to many prior art treadmills is thatrollers 141 and 142 have relatively larger diameter (e.g. twice thediameter compared to common prior art treadmills), enabling placement ofkey components (such as belt motor 149, incline motor 145, deck, andcompressor 144) between the top and bottom of belt 74. Use of largerdiameter rollers, in turn, result in lower rotational speeds to achievethe same belt speeds, thereby reducing noise and wear on rollerbearings, while increasing component longevity. For example, a typicalprior art treadmill may have rollers with a diameter between 1.5 and 3inches. The architecture of the new treadmill of this invention enablesrollers with a diameter between 7 and 9 inches. Larger diameter rollersmay also provide greater contact area between the roller and belt,thereby reducing the likelihood of belt slippage on the roller.

Other components shown in FIG. 13 include the belt motor 149; theincline motor 145; the lead screw 146; movable incline crossbar 147;movable decline crossbar 148; and air compressor 144.

FIG. 14 illustrates such an incline/decline mechanism in isolation froma bottom perspective view. The treadmill in this figure is shown withsome components removed to better visualize the details of themechanism. Roller 141 is the front roller, and roller 142 is the rearroller. The right structural rail is illustrated as rail 420, while theleft rail has been removed in this figure. Rail 420 contains slot 407for the incline mechanism and slot 408 for the decline function. Inclinecrossbar 405 has a roller 409 at each one of its ends, intended to allowthe crossbar 405 to slide longitudinally back and forth along the rails,with the rollers 409 rotating inside incline slot 407 in right rail 420,and inside an analogous slot in the left rail (not shown). Similarly,decline crossbar 406 has a roller 410 at each one of its ends, allowingcrossbar 405 to slide longitudinally along the rails, with the roller410 rotating inside the slot 408, and an associated roller 410 on theopposite end of crossbar 406 rotating inside a slot in the left rail(not shown). Incline motor 145 causes the crossbars 405 and 406 to slidelongitudinally by rotating lead screw 146, which mates with an inclinemechanism control nut held by bracket 411 (for incline) and with adecline mechanism control nut held by bracket 412 (for decline). Therotation of the lead screw 146 can thus be used to longitudinally movethe crossbars 405 and 406 as needed. In this figure the rotation of thelead screw would cause a longitudinal displacement of the crossbar 409(the incline crossbar), which is pivotably attached to the previouslydescribed linkage bars 75A and 79A, thus causing their deployment andthe incline lifting of the treadmill. The decline mechanism works thesame way, with the corresponding linkage bars being deployed when thelead screw 146 reaches a nut in bracket 412 and causes the declinecrossbar 406 to slide longitudinally rearward, deploying decline supportbars 133 and 101 to lift the rear of the treadmill.

FIG. 15 is another view of the underside of the treadmill, shown withoutbelt 74 or the incline and decline mechanisms of FIG. 13, which will beused to describe how the deck is supported. Surface 143 is the undersideof the deck. The weight of the deck is completely carried by airsuspension elements, such as bellows, sometimes also referred to as airsprings. Specifically, bellows 153, 154, 155, 156, 157 and 158 supportdeck surface 143. The bellows are inflated to the desired pressure by,e.g., a computer-controlled compressor (described below), or by a handpump. Each bellow is attached on one end to the underside surface of thedeck 143 and on its opposite end to a frame support mounted to the frameside rails, such as crossbar 151 (bellows 153 and 154), crossbar 150(bellows 157 and 158), gusset support structure 152A (bellows 155) andgusset support structure 152B (bellows 156). A double-hinge 159 is alsoprovided to maintain the deck centered in its lateral positioning, andto relieve the bellows from side loads and shear stresses that otherwisemay occur. Double-hinge 159 is attached at one end to deck underside143, and at the opposite end to crossbar 151, and preferably has a widththat spans the majority of deck underside 143.

FIG. 16 is a top perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 15, withdeck removed, further illustrating the treadmill suspension system. Asdescribed above, the deck is supported by the bellows 153, 154, 155,156, 157 and 158.

FIG. 17 is a bottom plan view of the treadmill suspension system,including a computer-controlled mechanism for bellow pressurization. Theembodiment includes bellows 153, 154, 155, 156, 157 and 158;computer-controled compressor 307; and a central reservoir 300.Compressor 307 pressurized central reservoir 300 via air hose 309. Theair lines 301, 302, 303, 304, 305 and 306 connect each of bellows 153,155, 157, 156, 158 and 154, respectively, to reservoir 300, helpingensure that the deck is supported by the same pressure at all points ofsupport. An air pressure sensor may be mounted to monitor air pressurewithin the central reservoir 300 and/or one or more of bellows 153-158.A purge valve may be provided within the pressurized system (e.g. withinthe compressor, reservoir, bellows, or an interconnecting air line) toreduce air pressure. The purge valve may be controlled by one or morefactors including, for example, a mechanical pressure release mechanismactuated when pressure exceeds a maximum value, or an electronic controlsystem.

In some embodiments, reservoir 300 is pressurized to a desired levelbased on user preference for ride firmness (as determined by the userthrough the touchscreen user interface). In such embodiments, a controlsignal may be provided to compressor 307 based at least in part upon auser-controlled configuration setting. In other embodiments, reservoir300 pressure is determined algorithmically based upon input parameterswhich may include measurements like detected user weight, running speed,incline level and/or user impact levels; in which cases, controlssignals based at least in part on one or more of those factors may beprovided to compressor 307. User impact levels may be determined in avariety of ways, such as via a pressure transducer mounted to the deck,or via monitoring fluctuation in air pressure within the bellows orcentral reservoir using an air pressure sensor.

FIG. 18 shows an alternative embodiment, in which the internalcomponents are not contained within the belt circumference, but insteadthey are mounted beneath belt 171, while still providing a full airsuspension for the treadmill running and walking surface. FIG. 19 showsthe embodiment of FIG. 18, with the deck inclined, and with externalcovers removed to show some of the internal components. The belt motor181 and the compressor 182 are now visible.

FIG. 20 shows a side elevation of the treadmill of FIG. 18. Belt motor181 drives belt 171. Incline motor 192 operates to control the inclineto running surface 171. Left-side bellow support structures 193, 194 and195, along with three matching bellow support structures on the rightside of the treadmill (not shown), carry and support the deck. Bellowsupport structures 193, 194 and 195 are constructed analogously togussets 152 in FIG. 16, providing a solid frame mounting point forair-filled bellows, with the deck fully suspended on the air-filledbellows.

FIG. 21 is a perspective view from the top of the treadmill, with thebelt and the deck removed for clarity. Left side bellow supportstructures 193, 194 and 195 are complemented by right side bellowsupport structures 201, 202 and 203. Each bellow support structure has abellow mounted thereon. The deck (not shown for clarity) rests on thesesix bellows. The double hinge structure 204 operates analogously tohinge 159 in the embodiment of FIG. 14, helping reduce or eliminate sideloads on the bellows.

While preferred embodiments illustrated herein utilize six bellow tosupport the deck, with front, middle and rear bellows on each of theleft and right sides of the deck, it is contemplated and understood thatdiffering quantities and positions of bellows could readily beimplemented. For example, cost and build complexity may be reduced byutilizing four bellows, with one positioned at each corner of the deck.

FIG. 33 illustrates another treadmill embodiment, providing full airsuspension with a drive motor and deck positioning mechanisms placedoutside the belt circumference. Such an embodiment may, in somecircumstances, provide for reduced cost and/or improvedmanufacturability. FIG. 33 is a perspective view of a treadmill base3300, with walking belt 3302 running between side rails 3304A and 3304B.

Uprights 3306 carry a computer monitor or control panel (not shown) usedto communicate with the user and receive input commands from the user.FIG. 34 shows treadmill base 3300, with uprights 3306 and belt rollercovers removed. Under walking belt 3302, there are cylinders 3310 and3312 to support belt 3302 and slide it on top of a deck (not visible),typically made out of wood, located underneath belt 3302. FIG. 35 showstreadmill base 3300, without side rails 3304 and belt 3302, therebyrevealing deck 3320. Analogous to decks described elsewhere herein, deck3320 may be a rigid board that carries the weight of a user, with belt3302 sliding across the surface of deck 3320 when driven by roller 3310and/or 3312. Rollers 3310 and 3312 help keep belt 3302 taut between themduring use. In an exemplary embodiment, propulsion of belt 3302 may beachieved by driving rear roller 3312 using electric motor 3330.

FIG. 36 is a side perspective view of treadmill base 3300, asillustrated in FIG. 35, adjusted to a partially inclined orientation.Base 3300 includes upper structure 3340 and foundation 3350. Upperstructure 3340 includes, inter alia, deck 3320 and rollers 3310 and3312. Foundation 3350 may include a rigid frame, to which variouscomponents may be mounted. Upper structure 3340 can be inclined withrespect to foundation 3350 by a desired angle by incline motor 3352using linkage mechanism 3354. Belt motor 3330 propels rear drivingroller 3312 via driving belt 3332.

FIG. 37 illustrates the embodiment of FIG. 36, having side rails 3304Aand 3304B removed to visualize internal components of upper structure3340. Upper structure 3340 includes two layers: a) a walking layer; andb) a middle layer. The walking layer constitutes a structure on which auser walks or runs. The walking layer includes deck 3320 and two decksupport beams 3322A and 3322B. Deck 3320 is fixedly attached to decksupport beams 3322A and 3322B by a set of screws or similar fasteners.The middle layer provides for suspension of the walking layer over asupporting frame using a set of air suspension bellows 3360, eachcontaining pressurized air. For example, on a left side of treadmillbase 3300, air bellows 3362A and 3362B suspend deck support beam 3322Aover middle layer support beam 3360A. Analogous structures (visible inthe view of FIG. 38, having deck 3320 removed for visibility ofunderlying structures) may be used on the right side of treadmill base3300; specifically, air bellows 3362C and 3362D suspend deck supportbeam 3322B over middle layer support beam 3360B. Therefore, the entirewalking layer is suspended on air suspension elements, therebysuppressing direction transmission of forces from the walking layer tothe ground, thus dampening and eliminating impact and excess stress onthe user's legs and joints.

Air suspension elements 3362 compress and expand under the weight of theuser while the user walks or runs on top of the deck. Therefore, thereis relative movement between deck support beams 3322 and middle layersupport beams 3360. Optionally, a set of alignment elements 3370 may beused to keep the walking layer laterally aligned with respect to themiddle layer, and prevent the transmission of excessive lateral forceson air suspension elements 3362. In the embodiment of FIGS. 36-37,alignment elements 3370 may be formed as double hinges, with forward andrearward double hinge elements positioned on each of left and rightsides, spanning the walking layer (e.g. deck support beams 3322) and themiddle layer (e.g. middle layer support beams 3360). If air suspensionelements 3362 have sufficient mechanical strength, double hinges 3370may be unnecessary. Instead of double hinges, it is also possible to usepins mounted on the walking layer and oriented downwards towards themiddle layer, mating with orifices in the middle layer opening towardsthe pins (or vice versa) to maintain layer alignment. Such a pin andorifice mechanism can include linear bearings to minimize friction andavoid any possible sticking effect.

FIG. 39 shows a side elevation of treadmill base 3300 with side railcovers and belt removed, for further clarification of this embodiment'sstructure. Foundation 3350 supports middle layer support beams 3360. Theview of FIG. 39 reveals other components housed under the middle layer,such as compressor 3380 to pressure air suspension elements 3362; andair tank 3382 to help maintain a stable pressure and permit running ofcompressor 3380 only when needed to maintain system pressure, electroniccontroller 3384 and treadmill computer 3386, which may include a Windowsor Android computer. FIG. 40 provides a front perspective view, forfurther clarification.

FIG. 41 is an expanded, partial cutaway view of a front portion oftreadmill base 3300, with side rails and deck removed. FIG. 41illustrates additional detail of alignment elements 3370. In theillustrated embodiment, alignment element 3370 includes upper spacer3371, lower spacer 3372 and double hinge 3373. FIG. 42 furtherillustrates double hinge 3373, including lower attachment wing 3373A,freely pivoting wing 3373B, and upper attachment wing 3373C. Lowerattachment wing 3373A is secured to lower space 3372, which is in turnsecured to middle layer support beam 3360. Upper attachment wing 3373Cis secured to upper spacer 3371, which is in turn secured to decksupport beam 3320. In use, double hinge 3373 pivots freely as decksupport beam 3320 and middle layer support beam 3360 move verticallyrelative to one another, while inhibiting lateral movement.

Upper spacer 3371 and lower spacer 3372 may each be formed from sectionsof metal box tubing. Upper spacer 3371 and lower space 3372 serve toposition the components of double hinge 3373 to minimize longitudinaldisplacement of the deck as the double hinges rotate, in order tominimize a rocking movement of the deck that may be uncomfortable tosome users.

As described above, the embodiment of FIGS. 33-40 includes a walkinglayer, a middle layer and a foundation layer. Separation of the middlelayer from the foundation layer enables articulation of the middle andfoundation layers relative to one another to, e.g., incline or declinethe walking surface relative to the ground or other surface on which thefoundation layer rests. However, a simplified embodiment may be readilyachieved by eliminating the incline mechanism. In that case, the middlelayer can be eliminated, and the air suspension elements can suspend thewalking layer directly on the foundation layer.

Various types of air suspension elements may be utilized. FIG. 22 is anelevation view of an improved air suspension bellows mechanism that hasa built-in feature to prevent the bumpiness that can result from havinginflated, pressurized bodies like bellows under the deck. FIG. 23 is across-section of the bellows of FIG. 22, taken along plane A-A. Topfitting 233 and bottom fitting 232 are connected internally byconnecting member 231. Bellows diaphragm 234 spans top fitting 233 andbottom fitting 232, is formed from an elastic material, and encapsulatesan air chamber 235. Channel 236 provides a route for pressurization ofair chamber 235 through top fitting 233, such as via the compressor,central pressure canister and tubing assembly described elsewhereherein.

Preferably, connecting member 231 is configured to allow fittings 232and 232 to come closer to one another with little resistance duringcompression, allowing the air pressure within the bellows chamber toexert an opposing force; meanwhile, connecting member 231 willpreferably exert an opposing or limiting force during expansion of thebellows to dampen the expansion. In some embodiments, member 231 can bean elastic strap. In other embodiments, member 231 can be formed from afabric strap.

FIG. 24 shows an alternative bellows mechanism 240, having a frictionaldamping element. FIG. 25 is a cross-section of the bellows of FIG. 24,taken along section A-A. Bellows 240 includes upper fitting 241 andlower fitting 242. Bellows diaphragm 243 spans upper fitting 241 andlower fitting 242, and encapsulates air chamber 244. Air channel 245extends through upper fitting 241 to enable pressurization of thebellows. The lower portion of upper fitting 241 includes piston 238. Theupper portion of lower fitting 242 forms receptacle 239. Bellowsmovement is dampened by friction of piston 238 within receptacle 239.

In some embodiments, the damping structure of FIGS. 24-25 can beimplemented as a hydraulic dampener. Receptacle 239 may be formed as aclosed, oil-filled chamber, divided into two sections by piston 238. Oilwould be permitted to flow between either side of piston 238 via asmall, restrictive orifice, and a one-way check valve providing lessresistance to oil flow than the restrictive orifice when upper fitting241 and lower fitting 242 are moved towards one another. Thus, thepiston mechanism provides comparatively little resistance to compressionof the bellows, but greater resistance to expansion, thereby dampeningthe bellows.

In other embodiments, a deckless treadmill design replaces a flexiblebelt with a series of adjacent slats extending across the treadmillperpendicularly to the direction of travel, to form a running surface.Deckless treadmill embodiments can still beneficially utilize variationsof the suspension systems described herein. For example, FIG. 26 is acutaway top view of the rear portion of a treadmill that does not have adeck. Self-supporting slats 231 are sufficiently rigid to support theweight of a user, without a solid deck underneath. The cutaway side viewin FIG. 27 shows that the slats run on a guide 241. Slats 231 and guide241 can all be carried and supported by a set of bellows 242, mounted onframe 243.

Preferably, the treadmill is managed by a computer, as opposed totypical prior art treadmills run by embedded controls and dedicatedcircuits with little or no programming flexibility. In accordance withone such embodiment, FIG. 28 illustrates a schematic block diagram of acontrol mechanism for the treadmill. The Treadmill ManagementApplication 250 is a computer program executed on computer 255, whichgives instructions to Electronic Control Board 251 through InterfaceBoard 252. Electronic control board 251 is a circuit board that provideselectronic control signals to govern the operation of belt motor 256,incline motor 257, compressor 258, sensors 259, and other electronic orelectromechanical mechanisms 260.

Interface board 252 preferably provides a digital interface betweencomputer 255 and control board 251. In some embodiments, interface board252 includes an external connector or dock with physical electronicinterconnect, adapted for connecting the treadmill with an externalcomputer 255, such as a laptop computer, tablet computer or smart phone.In some embodiments, interface board 252 may include a wirelesstransceiver implementing a wireless communication link between controlboard 251 and computer 255, such as a wireless Ethernet connection, or aBluetooth connection.

TMA 250 also communicates with mobile app 253. Through ApplicationsProgramming Interface (API) 254, TMA 250 enables third parties (such asgame developers and exercise program developers) to develop software forthe smart treadmill. In some embodiments, computer 255 is provided withand physically integrated with the treadmill, such as a tablet computermounted within the treadmill display. In other embodiments, computer 255is a modular component that can be alternatively attached to anddetached from the treadmill. In yet other embodiments, computer 255 maybe completely detached from the treadmill, such as a smart phoneexecuting a dedicated treadmill management application and communicatingwith the treadmill (i.e. interface board 252) via a wirelesscommunications protocol such as Bluetooth. Use of non-dedicated usercomputing hardware to operate the treadmill may be beneficial, such asreducing treadmill cost by avoiding the cost of an integral computer.

FIG. 29 shows an embodiment of a computer-driven treadmill in which anon-dedicated computing device is used for treadmill management. Thetreadmill of FIG. 29 is equipped with a dock 261, which can be shapedlike a tray that can receive and hold computer 262. Optionally, the dockincludes connectors adapted for communication with computer 262,enabling computer 262 to interact with integrated display 263, and allother peripherals available to the internal Interface Board, which inturn connects with the Electronic Controller Board that runs thetreadmill devices and sensors. Computer 262, when connected with thedock, can take full control of the treadmill, and even run applicationsand software resident on the laptop.

In another embodiment, illustrated in FIG. 30, tablet computer 271 canbe connected to the treadmill to control and manage the treadmilloperation, as described above. In another embodiment, illustrated inFIG. 31, smart phone 281 can be connected to the treadmill to controland manage the treadmill operation, as described above. The connectionof computer 262, tablet computer 271 or smart phone 281 to the dock canbe through dock connectors, or through regular cables and wires, orwireless communication protocol. Particularly in case of wirelessdocking, a tray or other physical holding structure is optional.

The full computerization of the treadmill in this invention opens up anenormous number of possibilities for new types of exercises andactivities, on and off-the-treadmill, where the treadmill can assume akey role as coach, manager, record keeper, motivator and administratorof a fitness, weight, health and lifestyle program, where the mobile appenables these services to be provided not only on or at near proximityto the treadmill, but virtually anywhere. For example, a smart phoneapplication can not only control embodiments of the treadmill describedherein, but also integrate the treadmill utilization and exercise datawith a comprehensive health and fitness application that tracks usersteps via an integrated smart phone motion sensor, logs user nutritionalintake, logs user weight data, sleep patterns, and other information. Inother embodiments, third party health and fitness applications can beprovided with software to control and/or exchange information with thecomputerized treadmill. These and other applications are contemplatedand enabled by the novel systems and devices disclosed herein.

Additionally, while the externally-controlled embodiment of FIGS. 28-31are illustrated in the context of a treadmill, it is contemplated andunderstood that other embodiments may be implemented in the context ofother types of exercise equipment, such as a stationary bicycle,elliptical machines, stepping machines and rowing machines. In eachcase, the exercise equipment includes electronic and electromechanicalcomponents that may be controlled by the controller board structure ofFIG. 28, interfacing with an external computer. In some embodiments, TMA250 may be implemented to control multiple types of exercise equipmentusing a common user interface design, thereby allowing users to movetheir computing device between different pieces of exercise equipment.Potential benefits of some embodiments of this arrangement include theability to carry performance data between different pieces of exerciseequipment by using a common computing device; and providing a commonuser interface with the exercise equipment, thereby reducing a user'slearning barrier in using a different piece of equipment.

FIG. 32 illustrates a further embodiment wherein each computerized pieceof exercise equipment, such as treadmill 601, treadmill 602 andtreadmill 603, has its own storage device 604, 605 and 606,respectively, which can be used to download large files which may be toobandwidth-intensive to stream live simultaneously. With completecomputerization of treadmills and exercise equipment, gyms and similarfacilities with a large number of computerized exercise machines willface the problem of potentially excessive bandwidth demand if a largenumber of users start streaming live entertainment such as movies ontheir machines at the same time. The gym could just increase itsInternet bandwidth, but that may come at a high cost. The ExerciseNetwork (gymrnet) of FIG. 32 addresses that problem. The gymnet is basedon central server 609, which is in communication via an Internetconnection with cloud providers of digital media, such as files orstreamable services from providers such as Netflix, Amazon, HBO, andothers, as well as Cable TV providers (who may be on the cloud orphysically linked to the central server or in satellite communicationwith the central server). The central server 609 downloads the contentsto its own storage device 608. When the high demand arises from theusers, central server 609 can upload complete entertainment files (asopposed to live streaming them) to the local storage devices such as604, 605 and 606, thereby reducing user impact from transitory networkcongestion or other interruptions. The communication network between thecentral server and the individual machines can be wired or wireless. Thelocal machines 601, 602 and 603 can then locally play the entertainmentfiles form their own storage devices, without a need to rely on livestreaming from the cloud, and therefore avoiding bandwidth bottlenecks,whether in the cloud or local network. Other variations of thisarrangement can also be implemented, such as live streaming from centralserver 609 to the individual machines, especially if the individualmachines are physically connected to a common high speed data networkwith the central. The gym can have a large number of entertainment filesalways loaded on its storage unit 608, so that at any time the users canplay those files even if the communication with the cloud isbandwidth-challenged or completely down.

Monitoring Station 610 is a great advantage for the gym as well,providing a user interface with server 609 that can be utilized by,e.g., gym management. Server 609 is preferably configured to retrieveinformation from all networked exercise machines and monitor them live,reporting and recording key status parameters (motor temperature, usagestatistics, vibration status, hours in operation, upcoming serviceneeds, biometric of users, medical emergencies and other relevantparameters) that represent key management data for the efficient andsafe operation of the gym. The gym manager should be able to see thestatus of any machine on a screen provided by monitoring station 610, inreal-time or near-real time, as well be alerted instantly of anysituation that requires attention. Alerts can be issued at themonitoring station and also optionally on a mobile device such as atablet or smart phone, so that management, service personnel and evenmedical personnel can be alerted if the need arises.

While certain embodiments of the invention have been described herein indetail for purposes of clarity and understanding, the foregoingdescription and Figures merely explain and illustrate the presentinvention and the present invention is not limited thereto. It will beappreciated that those skilled in the art, having the present disclosurebefore them, will be able to make modifications and variations to thatdisclosed herein without departing from the scope of any appendedclaims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A treadmill comprising: a walking layercomprising two interconnected longitudinal rails secured to either sideof a deck; a middle layer beneath the walking layer, the middle layercomprising a middle layer frame and a plurality of air suspensionelements, the plurality of air suspension elements together fullysuspending the walking layer relative to the middle layer frame; and afoundation layer resting on a ground surface, the foundation layersupporting the middle layer.
 2. The treadmill of claim 1, in which theplurality of air suspension elements comprises: an upper fitting securedto the walking layer; a lower fitting secured to the middle layer frame;and a membrane enclosing a volume of air between the upper fitting andthe lower fitting.
 3. The treadmill of claim 2, in which said upperfitting and said lower fitting are comprised of metal, and said membranecomprises an elastic membrane.
 4. The treadmill of claim 2, in which oneor more of said air suspension elements further comprises a dampeningstrap interconnecting the upper fitting and the lower fitting, the strapoperating to limit movement of the upper and lower fittings away fromone another during unloading of the air suspension element.
 5. Thetreadmill of claim 4, in which the dampening strap comprises an elasticstrap.
 6. The treadmill of claim 4, in which the dampening strapcomprises a fabric strap.
 7. The treadmill of claim 2, in which one ormore of said air suspension elements further comprises a damping pistonattached to one of said upper or lower fittings, and a receptacleattached to the other of said upper or lower fittings, the pistonconfigured for movement within the receptacle during loading andunloading of the air suspension element.
 8. The treadmill of claim 7, inwhich said receptacle is enclosed and fluid-filled, the piston includinga first orifice enabling bi-directional fluid flow between a first sideof the piston and a second side of the piston, and check valve enablingunidirectional fluid flow from the first side of the piston to thesecond side of the piston.
 9. The treadmill of claim 1, in which thefoundation layer further comprises a belt drive motor operable to drivea loop belt sliding over the deck.
 10. The treadmill of claim 1, inwhich the foundation layer further comprises an incline motor connectedwith the middle layer to variably incline the middle layer relative tothe foundation layer.
 11. The treadmill of claim 1, further comprising:an air reservoir; air lines interconnecting one or more of said airsuspension elements with said air reservoir; and anelectronically-controlled compressor operable to control air pressurewithin said air reservoir.
 12. The treadmill of claim 11, furthercomprising: an air pressure sensor providing an output indicative ofmeasured air pressure within one or more of the air reservoir and airsuspension elements; and in which said electronically-controlledcompressor receives one or more control inputs, with at least one ofsaid control inputs being determined based at least in part upon the airpressure sensor output, the compressor utilizing said control inputs tocontrol air pressure within said air reservoir.
 13. The treadmill ofclaim 12, in which at least one of said compressor control inputs isdetermined based at least in part upon belt speed.
 14. The treadmill ofclaim 12, in which at least one of said compressor control inputs isdetermined based at least in part upon user impact level.
 15. Thetreadmill of claim 12, in which at least one of said compressor controlinputs is determined based at least in part upon a user-controlledconfiguration setting.
 16. The treadmill of claim 1, further comprisingone or more alignment elements interconnecting the walking layer withthe middle layer.
 17. The treadmill of claim 16, in which the one ormore alignment elements comprise double hinge structures.
 18. Thetreadmill of claim 17, in which each double hinge structure comprises adouble hinge, a first spacer element connecting the double hinge withthe middle layer frame, and a second spacer element connecting thedouble hinge with the walking layer, the spacer elements operable toreduce longitudinal displacement of the deck as the double hingerotates.
 19. The treadmill of claim 16, in which the one or morealignment elements each restrain lateral movement of the walking layerrelative to the middle layer frame.
 20. The treadmill of claim 1,further comprising a pin attached to a first one of the walking layerand middle layer, and an orifice attached to a second one of the walkinglayer and middle layer, the pin positioned within the orifice duringoperation to restrict lateral movement of the walking layer relative tothe middle layer.
 21. A treadmill comprising: a walking layer comprisingtwo interconnected longitudinal rails secured to either side of a deck;a foundation layer resting on a ground surface, the foundation layercomprising a foundation frame and a plurality of air suspensionelements, the plurality of air suspension elements together fullysuspending the walking layer relative to the foundation frame.
 22. Thetreadmill of claim 21, in which the plurality of air suspension elementscomprises: an upper fitting secured to the walking layer; a lowerfitting secured to the foundation layer frame; and a membrane enclosinga volume of air between the upper fitting and the lower fitting.
 23. Thetreadmill of claim 22, in which one or more of said air suspensionelements further comprises a dampening strap interconnecting the upperfitting and the lower fitting, the strap operating to limit movement ofthe upper and lower fittings away from one another during unloading ofthe air suspension element.
 24. The treadmill of claim 22, in which oneor more of said air suspension elements further comprises a dampingpiston attached to one of said upper or lower fittings, and a receptacleattached to the other of said upper or lower fittings, the pistonconfigured for movement within the receptacle during loading andunloading of the air suspension element.
 25. The treadmill of claim 24,in which said receptacle is enclosed and fluid-filled, the pistonincluding a first orifice enabling bi-directional fluid flow between afirst side of the piston and a second side of the piston, and checkvalve enabling unidirectional fluid flow from the first side of thepiston to the second side of the piston.
 26. The treadmill of claim 21,further comprising: an air reservoir; air lines interconnecting one ormore of said air suspension elements with said air reservoir; and anelectronically-controlled compressor operable to control air pressurewithin said air reservoir.